1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,400 Unit 14, page 228, read. 2 00:00:05,680 --> 00:00:07,460 What type are you? 3 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,600 Imagine you're at a party where you know several people well. 4 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:18,580 The hosts have a new party game that involves comparing each person to a flower. 5 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:24,740 Which flower would you choose for each person and which flower for yourself? 6 00:00:24,740 --> 00:00:31,280 Are you the kind of person who resembles a daisy, open to the world most of the time? 7 00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:37,160 Or are you more like a morning glory, which opens up only at special moments? 8 00:00:38,340 --> 00:00:46,000 Why do we enjoy party games like these that reveal our personality traits and help us to classify people's personalities? 9 00:00:47,260 --> 00:00:52,940 Classifying personalities can enable us to understand both ourselves and others better. 10 00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:54,720 Moreover, 11 00:00:54,740 --> 00:01:00,040 it can assist us in working together effectively and minimizing conflict. 12 00:01:00,980 --> 00:01:06,740 For these reasons, over the last century, many personality types have been recognized 13 00:01:06,740 --> 00:01:11,380 and tests have been devised that help us to identify these types. 14 00:01:12,220 --> 00:01:15,640 Personality identification has become a science. 15 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:22,740 Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist who is regarded as one of the fathers of modern psychiatry, 16 00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:24,740 published a famous book, 17 00:01:24,740 --> 00:01:27,860 a famous work on personality, in 1921. 18 00:01:29,140 --> 00:01:34,540 Isabel Briggs Myers, an American author who studied and admired Jung's theories, 19 00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:41,140 felt that Jung's ideas were important and should be made understandable to the general public. 20 00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:46,980 Briggs Myers was very disturbed by the global conflict of World War II 21 00:01:46,980 --> 00:01:51,320 and had a strong desire to help people to understand each other better. 22 00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:54,720 Along with her mother, Catherine Briggs, 23 00:01:54,740 --> 00:02:01,220 Briggs Myers created the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. 24 00:02:02,220 --> 00:02:07,100 The MBTI, which is constantly being revised and improved, 25 00:02:07,500 --> 00:02:12,020 has become the world's most popular test of personality identification. 26 00:02:13,260 --> 00:02:17,560 The MBTI is now used for a variety of purposes, 27 00:02:18,220 --> 00:02:22,820 such as marital counseling, training of executives, and career decisions. 28 00:02:22,820 --> 00:02:23,120 In 1923, 29 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,500 in the 1950s, 30 00:02:25,820 --> 00:02:29,420 cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Roseman 31 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:32,760 proposed two new personality categories, 32 00:02:33,380 --> 00:02:35,240 Type A and Type B, 33 00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:39,240 based on the idea that some people, Type As, 34 00:02:39,580 --> 00:02:44,440 were more likely to suffer from heart disease than others, Type Bs. 35 00:02:45,020 --> 00:02:48,100 This idea has now been discounted, 36 00:02:48,100 --> 00:02:52,840 but the basic outlines of these personality types have become popular. 37 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:58,420 And Type C and D categories have followed them into common use. 38 00:02:59,580 --> 00:03:01,900 What type of personality do you have? 39 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:05,380 What about your co-workers, friends, and family? 40 00:03:06,420 --> 00:03:10,980 Try to place yourself and people you know into the following categories. 41 00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:17,380 Bear in mind, though, that most people don't fit perfectly into a single category. 42 00:03:18,180 --> 00:03:21,660 Type A. Self-Driven. Competitive. 43 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:23,000 Type As. 44 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:23,860 Are drivers. 45 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:28,360 Competitive individuals who have a no-nonsense approach to life. 46 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:33,540 They're the kind of people who tell you exactly what they think without mincing words. 47 00:03:33,540 --> 00:03:38,220 They embrace risk and change, and often turn out to be entrepreneurs. 48 00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:44,200 Nancy, who started her own greeting card business three years ago, is the perfect example. 49 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,480 However, Nancy is impatient with detail and routine, 50 00:03:49,020 --> 00:03:53,020 which is why she has hired Paul and Mandy to manage her business. 51 00:03:53,920 --> 00:03:57,420 Type B. Charismatic. Easygoing. 52 00:03:58,140 --> 00:03:59,780 Type Bs are socializers. 53 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:03,600 They're extroverts, the kind of people who love the spotlight. 54 00:04:04,220 --> 00:04:05,820 They love to entertain people. 55 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:12,500 They often gravitate toward jobs in sales or marketing, or as performers on radio and TV. 56 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:18,960 Nancy's husband, Jack, whom most people consider a charismatic person, is a good example. 57 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:22,280 He's the host of a two-hour talk radio show. 58 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:26,120 Type C. Introverted. Stress-prone. 59 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:29,800 Type Cs are lovers of detail and data. 60 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:34,800 They tend to be individuals who become accountants, programmers, or engineers. 61 00:04:35,620 --> 00:04:37,660 Paul, an accountant, is an example. 62 00:04:38,340 --> 00:04:42,420 He's the type of person who loves the details that Nancy hates. 63 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:47,940 Type Cs are sensitive, which can cause them to have trouble communicating with others. 64 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,640 Type D. Loves routine, follows orders. 65 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:58,620 Type D people are those who like routine and tend not to enjoy adventure. 66 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,440 Not surprisingly, they usually resist change. 67 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:05,820 They feel secure when they're told what to do. 68 00:05:06,460 --> 00:05:07,580 They're often compassionate. 69 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:11,560 Mandy, who loves her office job, is Type D. 70 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:18,380 She wouldn't be happy as the boss, nor would Paul, but they both appreciate working for Nancy. 71 00:05:19,080 --> 00:05:22,500 What did you learn by classifying personalities 72 00:05:22,500 --> 00:05:23,460 in this way? 73 00:05:24,260 --> 00:05:27,360 Did it give you any insight into yourself and others? 74 00:05:30,690 --> 00:05:34,950 Visita Mikael Books en Facebook para ver más contenido de libros en inglés.